Informing the national rollout of the gonorrhoea vaccination programme in the United Kingdom

Gonorrhoea is an increasing public health challenge in the UK, particularly among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM), alongside growing concerns about antimicrobial resistance. Ahead of the national rollout of the 4CMenB gonorrhoea vaccination programme, there was limited evidence on how acceptable the vaccine would be and what factors would influence uptake.

The BEACON study addressed this evidence gap by providing timely insights from GBMSM and healthcare professionals on the acceptability and implementation of vaccination. The findings showed strong support for vaccination but highlighted critical factors affecting uptake, including accessibility, clear communication, service capacity and equitable eligibility criteria.

The study had direct impact on national policy and delivery. Findings were shared with the UKHSA multi-agency, four nations mpox and gonorrhoea vaccine programme board and used to inform planning for the August 2025 rollout. The evidence influenced vaccine supply planning, clinical guidance, workforce training, professional engagement activities and patient-facing information materials. It also supported the development of clear messaging on vaccine effectiveness, eligibility and access, helping to improve public understanding and manage expectations.

By informing programme implementation in real time, the BEACON study contributed to a more effective and equitable rollout of a novel STI prevention intervention. The work is expected to support higher vaccine uptake, reduce gonorrhoea transmission, help mitigate antimicrobial resistance and strengthen the UK’s ability to implement future STI vaccination programmes and targeted public health interventions.

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